Untargeted Metabolomics (LC-MS)

1. Ultra-high sensitivity analysis: Utilizing the latest generation of high-resolution mass spectrometers (such as the Orbitrap Astral Zoom/Q-Exactive HF) combined with optimized chromatographic separation conditions, it achieves precise capture of low-abundance metabolites, with a detection dynamic range exceeding four orders of magnitude.

2. Comprehensive database coverage: Integrating a self-built high-standard secondary mass spectrometry library (containing over 10,000 metabolites) with public databases (such as Metlin, Lipidmaps, HMDB, etc.), ensuring the accuracy and reliability of qualitative results.

3. Rigorous quality control system: Monitoring the entire analytical process using QC samples, blank samples, and internal standards ensures data quality stability and batch-to-batch reproducibility.

1. Sample Pretreatment: Optimized extraction protocols are used based on sample type (tissue, serum, cells, etc.) to efficiently precipitate proteins and extract metabolites.

2. Data Acquisition: Data-dependent acquisition (DDA) mode is employed, collecting data in both positive and negative ion modes to maximize metabolite coverage.

3. Metabolite Identification: Based on accurate mass numbers, isotope distribution, and secondary fragment ion spectra, matching is performed with self-built libraries and public spectral libraries.

4. Bioinformatics Analysis: Provides over 10 standard analytical functions, including principal component analysis (PCA), orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), volcano plots, heatmaps, cluster analysis, and KEGG pathway enrichment, and supports personalized advanced analysis.